EDUCATIONAL RADAR
Project Objective:
The objective of this project is to successfully
track the aerial violations. A cost effective and a real lifetime application
has been adopted and implemented for the industries. The system can be used for
education purposes. The goal that we intend to achieve all the way through this
project is continuous aerial monitoring through the scanning phase.
Motivation:
For the last few decades, technology is growing
rapidly which has made life more efficient and comfortable. We have selected
this project as it involves a real time scenario and with the help of this
project we can explore newer domains such as the modern technologies used in
radar and there mechanism which is majorly used in the universities lab to
teach the students. We also wanted to select a project that not only is market
compatible as well as market adaptable and it should also introduce us to the
practical scenarios and real life applications. The motivation towards the
project is that completion of the project will be our first step towards our
career domains in the field of electronics and avionics
Aim & Objectives
Aim:
To
design and implement the Radar model for educational purpose.
Objectives:
·
To detect presence of the stationary object.
·
Determine the range and direction of the
stationary objects.
·
To design a user friendly GUI( Graphics
User Interface)
Methodology:
The design and implementation of the project can be
divided into following major phases:
·
Analysis of
components, selection and designing.
·
Assembling of
different components and testing.
·
Simulation
testing and Verification at the hardware level.
·
Development for
future application.
Analysis of components, selection and designing:
The first part to
achieve our objectives is to analyze the required components and selection of
the best available components furthermore the hardware selection is also one of
the major part. When the components were finalized, we worked on different
modules which include;
·
Mechanical Structure
·
GUI for display
·
Interfacing sensor with the module
Assembling of different components and testing:
Once all components were selected and all major
modules were designed, the major part of assembly and hardware testing of the
different modules was done. In order to test the circuit, it was first
simulated on Proteus and verified in order to minimize the hardware and circuit
failure risks. The sensor was tested and comparison with the actual results was
done.
.
Simulation testing and Verification at the Hardware Level:
Test results were simulated to achieve the desired
objectives and then were verified to get the desired outcome. Also the hardware
is tested and its functioning according to the objectives mentioned at the
start of the project.
Market adaptability
The system which we have adopted is real life
application, which is specially designed for utilized in educational and military
applications. The system is capable of scanning the aerial objects and also shows the object presence, range and
direction of particular object calculated by the hardware on PC. Moreover
electronic circuitry such as microcontroller, encoder motor, sensor and some
other power modules are attached with the system which is being widely used in
almost every application related with the field of avionics, electronics and
many military applications. The system is cost effective and will be portable
and occupies less area to be installed that makes user enable to use it even
inside the labs of institution or workshops. It will design under the
consideration of all safety and the environmental standards.
DESIGN MATRIX
S.No
|
Objective
|
Module
used to achieve that object
|
Components
used in module
|
Alternatives
of the components available
|
Justification
of the selected component
|
Functionality
of the module
|
Inputs
& outputs of the module
|
1
|
Generation of sound waves
|
LV-MaxSonar-EZ4
|
LV-MaxSonar-EZ4
|
LV-MaxSonar-EZ1, LV-MaxSonar-EZ2
|
Easily
available and provide quality beam
characteristics.
|
Generate
high frequency sound wave, transmit sound waves and also receive echo signal
from the object
|
It operates at 5v DC, it provides us the sound
waves
|
2
|
Processing
|
Manipulation
of signal, provide serial interface to PC
|
PIC16F877A
|
ATmega8
ATmega16
|
PIC16F877A have enough memory and processing
speed
|
It
can be reprogrammed as they use flash memory. USART provides you
liberty to interface with PC
|
It
operates at 5v dc. Its input is received echo signal .On the basis on input its
calculate the time and provide us
range
|
3
|
Wave propagation
|
Propagation of wave and
Detecting echo signal
|
antenna
|
Dish antenna, parabolic antenna
|
Specific direction
i.e. +45 &-45
degree
|
Transmit and received signal
|
It input is pulse repetition
frequency(PRF)
And it detects minimum echo
signal
|
4
|
User
interface
|
GUI
|
LAB-VIEW
|
MATLAB
|
Manipulation
of signal is easy as compared to MATLAB. Lab-view is easy in motion
controlling.
|
Display
the object on the screen in the form of blimp
|
Display
the presence and range of target
|
SIMULATION
PCB DESIGN
ANIMATION
Figure
3-10: Antenna Transmit the Electromagnetic Waves
In the First Snapshot, Antenna is Transmitting
Electromagnetic Waves that is why the presence of object cannot appear in the
screen.
Figure
3-11: Electromagnetic Waves Reflect after hitting the Object
In the Second Snapshot, Electromagnetic Waves
Reflect back after hitting the object and cannot reach the Antenna that is why
object cannot appear in the screen.
Figure
3-12: Display the Presence of Object
In
the Third Snapshot, the Reflected Electromagnetic Waves reach the Antenna that
is why object could appear in the screen
CONCLUSION
Initially, it was considered
as a very difficult task to measure different parameters of the Radar system
and then displaying them on the PC as well as making GUI on LabView, but
Alhamdulillah with the hard work and good support from the SDP committee
members, we have successfully achieved our aim and all the objectives regarding
this project.
Following
are the expected results and the results obtained by us.
Expected Result
Following are expected results from a
successfully running project:
- Parameters must be read correctly from the sensor that is placed.
- Micro-Controller must get the readings from sensor timely and make the decisions according to the programmed values.
- EZ4 Sensor module must be interfaced with Micro-Controller to calculate range and Bearing of the object.
Obtained Result
Following results are obtained and the project
is running successfully. Alhamdulillah with the fulfillment of all the objectives.
Following results are obtained successfully:
- Parameters are read correctly from the sensor that is placed.
- Microcontroller is getting the readings from sensor timely and making the decisions according to the programmed values.
- EZ4 Sensor module is interfaced with Micro-Controller to calculate range and Bearing of the object.
- Real time readings of the parameters are displayed on GUI.
FUTURE RECOMMENDATIONS
After successfully implementing our idea of the
system for detection and range of the aerial object, one may go for further
betterment of the design and applications.
The system can be implemented for different
applications like;
• Aerial
target tracking and gun control
• It
can be interfaced with a missile system as a future enhancement.
REFERENCES
Books:
·
By
Single Author
[1] Guerlac, H.
E.:"OSRD Long History," vol.
V, Division 14, “Radar,” available from Office of
Technical
Services, U.S. Department of Commerce.
[4] England, C. R., A. B. Crawford, and W. W. Mumford: Some results
of a Study of Ultra-short-wave
Transmission
Phenomena, Proc. IRE, vol. 21, pp. 475-492, March 1933.
[5] Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, third edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2001,
Web Links:
[6] RT.EU, “Distance-determination”, Date Of Acess:
21stSeptember, 2011
[7] RT.EU,
“Radar Indicators”, Date Of Acess: 24thseptember, 2011
http://www.radartutorial.eu/12.scopes/sc01.en.html
